http:\/\/vanhoanghean.com.vn\/van-hoa-va-doi-song27\/khach-moi-cua-tap-chi45…<\/a><\/p>\n\u00a0<\/p>\n
“L\u1eddi t\u00f2a so\u1ea1n: L\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111ang qu\u00e1 tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7 v\u00e0 l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec7n nay? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Th\u1ef1c ra \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i nh\u01b0ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1eabn l\u00e0 v\u00f4 v\u1ecdng v\u00ec h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn n\u00e0o xuy\u00ean th\u1ea5u v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m n\u00e0o th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 xoay chuy\u1ec3n t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf. D\u1eabu sao, m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean g\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e1ng qu\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 c\u0169 k\u1ef9 v\u00e0 l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0. Tr\u00ean tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3, VHNA gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u cu\u1ed9c trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c khai ph\u00f3ng gi\u1eefa nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o Phan V\u0103n Th\u1eafng v\u00e0 TS Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb T\u1eeb Huy \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Hoa Sen – TP. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
TS. Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb T\u1eeb Huy<\/em><\/span><\/p>\nPhan V\u0103n Th\u1eafng:\u00a0<\/strong>Th\u01b0a Ts, trong m\u1ea5y n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1edf VN k\u00eau g\u1ecdi n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c VN c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo tri\u1ebft l\u00fd gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c khai ph\u00f3ng. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc KHXH &NV H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i v\u00e0 tp H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u0169ng tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n tri\u1ebft l\u00fd gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c khai ph\u00f3ng. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, b\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c khai ph\u00f3ng va\u0300 s\u01b0\u0323 chuy\u00ea\u0309n bi\u00ea\u0301n cu\u0309a no\u0301 trong li\u0323ch s\u01b0\u0309 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/em><\/p>\nNguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb T\u1eeb Huy:\u00a0<\/strong>Co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 no\u0301i m\u00f4\u0323t ca\u0301ch ng\u0103\u0301n go\u0323n v\u00ea\u0300 ngu\u00f4\u0300n g\u00f4\u0301c cu\u0309a kha\u0301i ni\u00ea\u0323m nh\u01b0 sau: Kha\u0301i ni\u00ea\u0323m liberal arts co\u0301 ngu\u00f4\u0300n g\u00f4\u0301c t\u01b0\u0300 th\u01a1\u0300i Hy La\u0323p c\u00f4\u0309 \u0111a\u0323i \u01a1\u0309 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Gia\u0301o du\u0323c th\u01a1\u0300i ky\u0300 na\u0300y mu\u00f4\u0301n ki\u00ea\u0301n ta\u0323o nh\u01b0\u0303ng con ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i t\u01b0\u0323 do, nh\u01a1\u0300 co\u0301 ki\u00ea\u0301n th\u01b0\u0301c r\u00f4\u0323ng va\u0300 kha\u0309 n\u0103ng suy lu\u00e2\u0323n logic. \u0110\u00ea\u0301n th\u01a1\u0300i Trung C\u00f4\u0309, ca\u0301c m\u00f4n khai pho\u0301ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c gia\u0309ng da\u0323y g\u00f4\u0300m hai ph\u00e2\u0300n: Tam khoa co\u0301 Ng\u01b0\u0303 pha\u0301p, thu\u00e2\u0323t Hu\u0300ng bi\u00ea\u0323n, va\u0300 Logic. T\u01b0\u0301 khoa co\u0301 S\u00f4\u0301 ho\u0323c, Hi\u0300nh ho\u0323c, Thi\u00ean v\u0103n ho\u0323c va\u0300 \u00c2m nha\u0323c. Ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i ch\u00e2u \u00c2u go\u0323i \u0111\u00e2y la\u0300 7 ngh\u00ea\u0323 thu\u00e2\u0323t khai pho\u0301ng, chu\u0301ng co\u0301 gia\u0301 tri\u0323 la\u0300m pha\u0301t tri\u00ea\u0309n ca\u0301c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u0323c tri\u0301 tu\u00ea\u0323 toa\u0300n di\u00ea\u0323n cho con ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i.<\/p>\nSau th\u01a1\u0300i Trung c\u00f4\u0309, \u0111i\u0323nh ch\u00ea\u0301 ca\u0301c m\u00f4n khai pho\u0301ng trong tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng ho\u0323c d\u00e2\u0300n d\u00e2\u0300n bi\u00ea\u0301n m\u00e2\u0301t \u01a1\u0309 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Nh\u01b0ng hi\u00ea\u0323n nay n\u00ea\u0300n gia\u0301o du\u0323c ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c thi\u00ea\u0301t k\u00ea\u0301 tr\u00ean tinh th\u00e2\u0300n khai pho\u0301ng, t\u01b0\u0301c la\u0300 da\u0323y cho con ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i co\u0301 kha\u0309 n\u0103ng s\u01b0\u0309 du\u0323ng ki\u00ea\u0301n th\u01b0\u0301c \u0111\u00ea\u0309 co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 t\u01b0\u0323 do l\u01b0\u0323a cho\u0323n va\u0300 t\u01b0\u0323 do quy\u00ea\u0301t \u0111i\u0323nh.<\/p>\n
Ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i My\u0303 bi\u00ea\u0301n gia\u0301o du\u0323c khai pho\u0301ng (Liberal Arts Education) tha\u0300nh m\u00f4\u0323t th\u01b0\u0301 \u0111\u0103\u0323c sa\u0309n cu\u0309a gia\u0301o du\u0323c \u0111a\u0323i ho\u0323c \u01a1\u0309 \u0111\u00e2\u0301t n\u01b0\u01a1\u0301c na\u0300y. Mu\u0323c \u0111i\u0301ch cu\u0309a no\u0301 v\u00e2\u0303n lu\u00f4n n\u0103\u0300m trong truy\u00ea\u0300n th\u00f4\u0301ng ch\u00e2u \u00c2u: gia\u0301o du\u0323c toa\u0300n di\u00ea\u0323n va\u0300 gia\u0301o du\u0323c nh\u00e2n v\u0103n. Gia\u0301o du\u0323c nh\u0103\u0300m ta\u0323o ra con ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i t\u01b0\u0323 do, hi\u00ea\u0309u bi\u00ea\u0301t ba\u0309n th\u00e2n, hi\u00ea\u0309u bi\u00ea\u0301t xa\u0303 h\u00f4\u0323i va\u0300 hi\u00ea\u0309u bi\u00ea\u0301t th\u00ea\u0301 gi\u01a1\u0301i, co\u0301 tra\u0301ch nhi\u00ea\u0323m v\u01a1\u0301i c\u00f4\u0323ng \u0111\u00f4\u0300ng. \u0110a\u0323i ho\u0323c da\u0323y cho sinh vi\u00ean ca\u0301ch suy nghi\u0303 ch\u01b0\u0301 kh\u00f4ng chi\u0309 la\u0300 n\u00f4\u0323i dung suy nghi\u0303, da\u0323y cho ho\u0323c sinh bi\u00ea\u0301t ca\u0301ch ho\u0323c, ch\u01b0\u0301 kh\u00f4ng chi\u0309 la\u0300 n\u00f4\u0323i dung c\u00e2\u0300n pha\u0309i ho\u0323c. Nghi\u0303a la\u0300 da\u0323y cho sinh vi\u00ean kha\u0309 n\u0103ng pha\u0309n bi\u00ea\u0323n, sa\u0301ng ta\u0323o, ch\u01b0\u0301 kh\u00f4ng pha\u0309i chi\u0309 la\u0300 ghi nh\u01a1\u0301 va\u0300 v\u00e2\u0323n du\u0323ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i My\u0303 \u0111\u00e2\u0309y xa \u0111\u00ea\u0301n ch\u00f4\u0303 x\u00e2y d\u01b0\u0323ng ca\u0301c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u0300nh gia\u0301o du\u0323c khai pho\u0301ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c da\u0323y cho hai n\u0103m \u0111\u00e2\u0300u cu\u0309a \u0111a\u0323i ho\u0323c, ho\u0103\u0323c la\u0300 thi\u00ea\u0301t l\u00e2\u0323p h\u0103\u0309n ca\u0301c tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng \u0111a\u0323i ho\u0323c khai pho\u0301ng v\u01a1\u0301i ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u0300nh ri\u00eang, \u0111\u0103\u0323c thu\u0300 cho gia\u0301o du\u0323c khai pho\u0301ng.<\/p>\n
Nga\u0300y nay, ch\u00e2u \u00c2u no\u0301i chung kh\u00f4ng co\u0301 ca\u0301c tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng \u0111a\u0323i ho\u0323c khai pho\u0301ng hay ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u0300nh khai pho\u0301ng \u01a1\u0309 \u0111a\u0323i ho\u0323c nh\u01b0 m\u00f4 hi\u0300nh cu\u0309a My\u0303, nh\u01b0ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng pha\u0301p gia\u0309ng da\u0323y cu\u0309a gia\u0309ng vi\u00ean va\u0300 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng pha\u0301p ho\u0323c t\u00e2\u0323p cu\u0309a sinh vi\u00ean trong ca\u0301c tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng \u0111a\u0323i ho\u0323c thi\u0300 lu\u00f4n theo tinh th\u00e2\u0300n khai pho\u0301ng. Sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ho\u0323c thu\u00f4\u0323c lo\u0300ng, ma\u0300 ho\u0323 ho\u0323c \u0111\u00ea\u0309 hi\u00ea\u0309u, \u0111\u00ea\u0309 ph\u00ea pha\u0301n va\u0300 sa\u0301ng ta\u0323o. Ho\u0323 \u0111o\u0323c ca\u0301c ta\u0301c ph\u00e2\u0309m v\u01a1\u0301i t\u01b0 duy pha\u0309n bi\u00ea\u0323n, ho\u0323 \u0111o\u0323c \u0111\u00ea\u0309 \u0111\u00f4\u0300ng ti\u0300nh ho\u0103\u0323c pha\u0309n \u0111\u00f4\u0301i, va\u0300 lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c da\u0323y ca\u0301ch ti\u0300m ra nh\u01b0\u0303ng \u0111i\u00ea\u0309m co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 ph\u00ea pha\u0301n ho\u0103\u0323c c\u00e2\u0300n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c xem xe\u0301t la\u0323i cu\u0309a m\u00f4\u0303i ta\u0300i li\u00ea\u0323u, m\u00f4\u0303i ta\u0301c gia\u0309, m\u00f4\u0303i tra\u0300o l\u01b0u\u2026<\/p>\n
Phan V\u0103n Th\u1eafng:\u00a0<\/strong>V\u00e2\u0323y, khai ph\u00f3ng l\u00e0 khai ph\u00f3ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec?\u00a0Khai ph\u00f3ng ai, cho ai?<\/em><\/p>\nNguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb T\u1eeb Huy:\u00a0<\/strong>\u0110\u00ea\u0309 tra\u0309 l\u01a1\u0300i c\u00e2u ho\u0309i cu\u0309a \u00f4ng, co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 no\u0301i m\u00f4\u0323t ca\u0301ch r\u00e2\u0301t gia\u0309n di\u0323: Khai pho\u0301ng chi\u0301nh mi\u0300nh, khai pho\u0301ng m\u00f4\u0303i ca\u0301 nh\u00e2n. Cho ai? Cho ba\u0309n th\u00e2n m\u00f4\u0303i ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i, va\u0300 t\u01b0\u0300 \u0111o\u0301 ma\u0300 cho c\u00f4\u0323ng \u0111\u00f4\u0300ng, cho xa\u0303 h\u00f4\u0323i, cho \u0111\u00e2\u0301t n\u01b0\u01a1\u0301c va\u0300 cho nh\u00e2n loa\u0323i. Khi m\u00f4\u0303i ca\u0301 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c khai pho\u0301ng, khi m\u00f4\u0303i ca\u0301 nh\u00e2n co\u0301 \u0111u\u0309 ki\u00ea\u0301n th\u01b0\u0301c \u0111\u00ea\u0309 co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 t\u01b0\u0323 do quy\u00ea\u0301t \u0111i\u0323nh va\u0300 l\u01b0\u0323a cho\u0323n \u0111i\u00ea\u0300u \u0111u\u0301ng va\u0300 \u0111i\u00ea\u0300u t\u00f4\u0301t cho chi\u0301nh mi\u0300nh va\u0300 cho c\u00f4\u0323ng \u0111\u00f4\u0300ng, thi\u0300 co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 tin r\u0103\u0300ng, m\u00f4\u0323t xa\u0303 h\u00f4\u0323i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c c\u00e2\u0301u tha\u0300nh t\u01b0\u0300 nh\u01b0\u0303ng ca\u0301 nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 v\u00e2\u0323y se\u0303 la\u0300 m\u00f4\u0323t xa\u0303 h\u00f4\u0323i t\u00f4\u0301t \u0111e\u0323p tr\u00ean c\u0103n ba\u0309n. Di\u0303 nhi\u00ean, xa\u0303 h\u00f4\u0323i lu\u0301c na\u0300o cu\u0303ng co\u0301 ca\u0301c v\u00e2\u0301n \u0111\u00ea\u0300 cu\u0309a no\u0301, nh\u01b0ng co\u0301 ca\u0301c xa\u0303 h\u00f4\u0323i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c thi\u00ea\u0301t l\u00e2\u0323p tr\u00ean ca\u0301c nguy\u00ean t\u0103\u0301c t\u00f4\u0301t \u0111e\u0323p va\u0300 co\u0301 ca\u0301c xa\u0303 h\u00f4\u0323i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c thi\u00ea\u0301t l\u00e2\u0323p tr\u00ean ca\u0301c nguy\u00ean t\u0103\u0301c pha\u0309n ti\u00ea\u0301n b\u00f4\u0323.<\/p>\nTuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00f4\u0301i v\u01a1\u0301i gia\u0301o du\u0323c Vi\u00ea\u0323t Nam hi\u00ea\u0323n nay, \u0111\u00ea\u0309 tra\u0309 l\u01a1\u0300i c\u00e2u ho\u0309i: \u201cKhai pho\u0301ng ai, cho ai?\u201d la\u0323i la\u0300 m\u00f4\u0323t \u0111i\u00ea\u0300u hoa\u0300n toa\u0300n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n gia\u0309n. Ti\u0301nh ch\u00e2\u0301t ph\u01b0\u0301c ta\u0323p th\u00ea\u0309 hi\u00ea\u0323n \u01a1\u0309 ch\u00f4\u0303 na\u0300y: Ca\u0301c v\u00e2\u0301n na\u0323n cu\u0309a n\u00ea\u0300n gia\u0301o du\u0323c, ma\u0300 chu\u0301ng ta \u0111a\u0303 ba\u0300n ma\u0303i t\u01b0\u0300 bao nhi\u00eau n\u0103m nay, chi\u0309 co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 gia\u0309i quy\u00ea\u0301t khi chu\u0301ng ta co\u0301 nh\u01b0\u0303ng la\u0303nh \u0111a\u0323o gia\u0301o du\u0323c \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c khai pho\u0301ng. Gia\u0301o du\u0323c Vi\u00ea\u0323t Nam mu\u00f4\u0301n thay \u0111\u00f4\u0309i, mu\u00f4\u0301n b\u01b0\u0301t pha\u0301, mu\u00f4\u0301n pha\u0301t tri\u00ea\u0309n ngang b\u0103\u0300ng v\u01a1\u0301i th\u00ea\u0301 gi\u01a1\u0301i, thi\u0300 chu\u0301ng ta c\u00e2\u0300n pha\u0309i co\u0301 ca\u0301c nha\u0300 qua\u0309n ly\u0301 gia\u0301o du\u0323c \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c khai pho\u0301ng, bi\u00ea\u0301t ca\u0301ch la\u0300m vi\u00ea\u0323c theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng pha\u0301p khai pho\u0301ng, va\u0300 la\u0303nh \u0111a\u0323o n\u00ea\u0300n gia\u0301o du\u0323c theo tinh th\u00e2\u0300n khai pho\u0301ng.<\/p>\n
Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u00ea\u0301n c\u00e2u ho\u0309i \u201ckhai pho\u0301ng ca\u0301i gi\u0300?\u201d, t\u00f4i mu\u00f4\u0301n g\u01a1\u0323i la\u0323i kha\u0301i ni\u00ea\u0323m\u00a0\u201c\u00e9ducation lib\u00e9ratrice\u201d(gia\u0301o du\u0323c khai pho\u0301ng) \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c Paulo Freire s\u01b0\u0309 du\u0323ng trong cu\u1ed1n \u201cP\u00e9dagogie des opprim\u00e9s\u201d (Gia\u0301o du\u0323c ho\u0323c cu\u0309a nh\u01b0\u0303ng ke\u0309 bi\u0323 a\u0301p b\u01b0\u0301c). Trong cu\u00f4\u0301n sa\u0301ch na\u0300y Freire no\u0301i \u0111\u00ea\u0301n loa\u0323i gia\u0301o du\u0323c da\u0300nh cho nh\u01b0\u0303ng ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i bi\u0323 a\u0301p b\u01b0\u0301c nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e2\u0301p nh\u00e2\u0323n s\u00f4\u0301 ph\u00e2\u0323n na\u0300y, vi\u0300 th\u00ea\u0301 ho\u0323 ho\u0323c t\u00e2\u0323p \u0111\u00ea\u0309 gia\u0309i pho\u0301ng chi\u0301nh ho\u0323, va\u0300 gia\u0309i pho\u0301ng cho ca\u0309 nh\u01b0\u0303ng ke\u0309 a\u0301p b\u01b0\u0301c ho\u0323. Quan ni\u00ea\u0323m cu\u0309a Freire v\u00ea\u0300 gia\u0301o du\u0323c khai pho\u0301ng \u0111\u0103\u0323c bi\u00ea\u0323t \u01a1\u0309 ch\u00f4\u0303 \u00f4ng nhi\u0300n th\u00e2\u0301y s\u01b0\u0301c ma\u0323nh khai pho\u0301ng thu\u00f4\u0323c v\u00ea\u0300 nh\u01b0\u0303ng ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i bi\u0323 a\u0301p b\u01b0\u0301c, nh\u01b0\u0303ng ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i na\u0300y \u0111u\u0309 ma\u0323nh \u0111\u00ea\u0309 gia\u0309i pho\u0301ng cho chi\u0301nh mi\u0300nh va\u0300 cho ca\u0309 nh\u01b0\u0303ng ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i a\u0301p b\u01b0\u0301c mi\u0300nh. Va\u0300 khai pho\u0301ng \u01a1\u0309 \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c hi\u00ea\u0309u la\u0300 khai pho\u0301ng cho ca\u0301c ti\u00ea\u0300m n\u0103ng cu\u0309a con ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i, khai pho\u0301ng ca\u0301c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u0323c ti\u00ea\u0300m ta\u0300ng cu\u0309a con ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i, bi\u00ea\u0301n ca\u0301c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u0323c \u0111o\u0301 tha\u0300nh s\u01b0\u0301cma\u0323nh. Khai pho\u0301ng theo nghi\u0303a na\u0300y \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c hi\u00ea\u0309u nh\u01b0 la\u0300 s\u01b0\u0323 gia\u0309i pho\u0301ng ba\u0309n th\u00e2n va\u0300 gia\u0309i pho\u0301ng cho ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i kha\u0301c. T\u01b0\u0300 y\u0301 t\u01b0\u01a1\u0309ng na\u0300y Freire hi\u0300nh tha\u0300nh quan ni\u00ea\u0323m v\u00ea\u0300 m\u00f4\u0323t n\u00ea\u0300n gia\u0301o du\u0323c khai pho\u0301ng trong \u0111o\u0301 vai tro\u0300 cu\u0309a ca\u0301c tha\u0300nh ph\u00e2\u0300n tham gia va\u0300o qua\u0301 tri\u0300nh gia\u0301o du\u0323c co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 hoa\u0301n \u0111\u00f4\u0309i l\u00e2\u0303n nhau: gia\u0301o vi\u00ean va\u0300 ho\u0323c sinh \u0111\u00ea\u0300u co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 \u0111o\u0301ng vai tro\u0300 nha\u0300 gia\u0301o du\u0323c, hai b\u00ean gia\u0301o du\u0323c l\u00e2\u0303n nhau qua qua\u0301 tri\u0300nh da\u0323y va\u0300 ho\u0323c. \u0110\u00f4\u0301i thoa\u0323i tr\u01a1\u0309 tha\u0300nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0\u0301c da\u0323y ho\u0323c chu\u0309 y\u00ea\u0301u cu\u0309a gia\u0301o du\u0323c khai pho\u0301ng. Ho\u0323c sinh kh\u00f4ng ti\u00ea\u0301p nh\u00e2\u0323n m\u00f4\u0323t ca\u0301ch thu\u0323 \u0111\u00f4\u0323ng, ma\u0300 chu\u0309 \u0111\u00f4\u0323ng \u0111\u00f4\u0301i thoa\u0323i v\u01a1\u0301i gia\u0301o vi\u00ean. Va\u0300 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng pha\u0301p na\u0300y giu\u0301p cho ca\u0301c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u0323c cu\u0309a ho\u0323c sinh \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c khai pho\u0301ng.<\/p>\n
V\u00e2\u0323n du\u0323ng nghi\u0303a cu\u0309a Freire t\u00f4i hi\u0300nh dung n\u00ea\u0300n gia\u0301o du\u0323c khai pho\u0301ng la\u0300 m\u00f4\u0323t n\u00ea\u0300n gia\u0301o du\u0323c gia\u0309i pho\u0301ng ca\u0301c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u0323c ca\u0301 nh\u00e2n va\u0300 gia\u0309i pho\u0301ng ca\u0301c ti\u00ea\u0300m n\u0103ng xa\u0303 h\u00f4\u0323i \u0111\u00ea\u0309 t\u00e2\u0301t ca\u0309 co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 cu\u0300ng pha\u0301ttri\u00ea\u0309n m\u00f4\u0323t ca\u0301ch t\u00f4\u0301t nh\u00e2\u0301t, m\u00f4\u0323t ca\u0301ch \u0111\u00f4\u0300ng b\u00f4\u0323, ch\u01b0\u0301 kh\u00f4ng ti\u00eau di\u00ea\u0323t l\u00e2\u0303n nhau. Nghi\u0303a la\u0300 s\u01b0\u0323 pha\u0301t tri\u00ea\u0309n cu\u0309a ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i na\u0300y kh\u00f4ng ti\u00eau di\u00ea\u0323t s\u01b0\u0323 pha\u0301t tri\u00ea\u0309n cu\u0309a ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i kia, s\u01b0\u0323 pha\u0301t tri\u00ea\u0309n ca\u0301 nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ti\u00eau di\u00ea\u0323t s\u01b0\u0323 pha\u0301t tri\u00ea\u0309n xa\u0303 h\u00f4\u0323i. \u0110\u00e2y la\u0300 hi\u00ea\u0323n t\u01b0\u01a1\u0323ng \u0111a\u0301ng bu\u00f4\u0300n \u0111ang xa\u0309y ra trong xa\u0303 h\u00f4\u0323i VN \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111a\u0323i cu\u0309a chu\u0301ng ta: ca\u0301c ca\u0301 nh\u00e2n la\u0300m gia\u0300u ta\u0300i sa\u0309n cu\u0309a ri\u00eang mi\u0300nh, \u0111\u00f4\u0300ng th\u01a1\u0300i ti\u00eau di\u00ea\u0323t \u0111a\u0323o\u0111\u01b0\u0301c xa\u0303 h\u00f4\u0323i, ti\u00eau di\u00ea\u0323t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng, hu\u0309y di\u00ea\u0323t ca\u0301c gia\u0301 tri\u0323 ti\u00ea\u0301n b\u00f4\u0323\u2026 M\u00f4\u0323t n\u00ea\u0300n gia\u0301o du\u0323c khai pho\u0301ng se\u0303 go\u0301p ph\u00e2\u0300n kh\u0103\u0301c phu\u0323c hi\u00ea\u0323n t\u01b0\u01a1\u0323ng na\u0300y. B\u01a1\u0309i vi\u0300\u00a0m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a no\u0301 l\u00e0 \u0111a\u0300o ta\u0323o n\u00ean nh\u01b0\u0303ng con ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i bi\u00ea\u0301t ca\u0301ch k\u00ea\u0301t h\u01a1\u0323p ha\u0300i ho\u0300a s\u01b0\u0323 pha\u0301t tri\u00ea\u0309n cu\u0309a ca\u0301 nh\u00e2n mi\u0300nh v\u01a1\u0301i vi\u00ea\u0323c thu\u0301c \u0111\u00e2\u0309y s\u01b0\u0323 pha\u0301t tri\u00ea\u0309n cu\u0309a xa\u0303 h\u00f4\u0323i va\u0300 la\u0300m cho xa\u0303 h\u00f4\u0323i t\u00f4\u0301t \u0111e\u0323p h\u01a1n, c\u00f4ng b\u0103\u0300ng h\u01a1n, nh\u00e2n v\u0103n h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n
Ngoa\u0300i ra, cu\u0303ng co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 hi\u00ea\u0309u r\u0103\u0300ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai minh. Khai minh theo nghi\u0303a c\u1ee7a Kant: c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. V\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 hai \u0111i\u1ec1u: tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m. M\u00f4\u0323t ca\u0301 nh\u00e2n co\u0301 tri th\u01b0\u0301c ma\u0300 kh\u00f4ng co\u0301 can \u0111a\u0309m s\u01b0\u0309 du\u0323ng nh\u01b0\u0303ng tri th\u01b0\u0301c \u0111o\u0301 thi\u0300 cu\u0303ng ch\u01b0a \u0111a\u0323t t\u01a1\u0301i ti\u0300nh tra\u0323ng khai minh.<\/p>\n
Phan V\u0103n Th\u1eafng:<\/strong>\u00a0T\u00f4i \u0111ang ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb khai ph\u00f3ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c s\u1ebd m\u1edf ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng khai ph\u00f3ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u00a0t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng. C\u00f2n b\u00e0\u00a0?<\/em><\/p>\nNguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb T\u1eeb Huy:\u00a0<\/strong>T\u00f4i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.\u00a0<\/p>\nPhan V\u0103n Th\u1eafng:\u00a0<\/strong>Tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m qua ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau khai ph\u00f3ng\/kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng t\u01b0 duy, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 cao n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi?<\/em><\/p>\nNguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb T\u1eeb Huy:\u00a0<\/strong>Kh\u00f4ng! N\u00ea\u0301u chu\u0301ng ta trung th\u01b0\u0323c thi\u0300 chu\u0301ng ta se\u0303 pha\u0309i tra\u0309 l\u01a1\u0300i la\u0300 \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d. Co\u0301 nh\u01b0\u0303ng n\u00f4\u0303 l\u01b0\u0323c khai pho\u0301ng \u01a1\u0309 m\u00f4\u0323t s\u00f4\u0301 ca\u0301 nh\u00e2n, \u01a1\u0309 m\u00f4\u0323t s\u00f4\u0301 gia \u0111i\u0300nh, \u01a1\u0309 m\u00f4\u0323t s\u00f4\u0301 b\u00f4\u0323 ph\u00e2\u0323n ta\u0323i m\u00f4\u0323t s\u00f4\u0301 tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng, ta\u0323i m\u00f4\u0323t s\u00f4\u0301 t\u00f4\u0309 ch\u01b0\u0301c na\u0300o \u0111o\u0301. Nh\u01b0ng toa\u0300n b\u00f4\u0323 n\u00ea\u0300n gia\u0301o du\u0323c cu\u0309a chu\u0301ng ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c thi\u00ea\u0301t k\u00ea\u0301 theo tinh th\u00e2\u0300n va\u0300 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng pha\u0301p khai pho\u0301ng.<\/p>\nPhan V\u0103n Th\u1eafng:<\/strong>\u00a0Trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi V\u0103n h\u00f3a Ngh\u1ec7 An, GS Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n \u0110o\u00e0n c\u00f3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd. C\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng?<\/em><\/p>\nNguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb T\u1eeb Huy:\u00a0<\/strong>T\u00f4i \u0111\u00f4\u0300ng y\u0301 m\u00f4\u0323t n\u01b0\u0309a v\u01a1\u0301i GS Tr\u00e2\u0300n V\u0103n \u0110oa\u0300n. Gia\u0301o du\u0323c VN ch\u01b0a co\u0301 m\u00f4\u0323t tri\u00ea\u0301t ly\u0301 ti\u00ea\u0301n b\u00f4\u0323 \u0111\u00ea\u0309 co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 ta\u0323o ra nh\u01b0\u0303ng con ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i t\u01b0\u0323 do, co\u0301 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u0323c sa\u0301ng ta\u0323o va\u0300 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u0323c \u0111a\u0301p \u01b0\u0301ng s\u01b0\u0323 pha\u0301t tri\u00ea\u0309n cu\u0309a th\u01a1\u0300i \u0111a\u0323i. Nh\u01b0ng no\u0301i Gia\u0301o du\u0323c VN ch\u01b0a co\u0301 tri\u00ea\u0301t ly\u0301 thi\u0300 kh\u00f4ng hoa\u0300n toa\u0300n chi\u0301nh xa\u0301c. Tri\u00ea\u0301t ly\u0301 d\u01b0\u0323a tr\u00ean \u0111o\u0301 ma\u0300 n\u00ea\u0300n gia\u0301o du\u0323c cu\u0309a chu\u0301ng ta v\u00e2\u0323n ha\u0300nh t\u01b0\u0300 g\u00e2\u0300n m\u00f4\u0323t th\u00ea\u0301 ky\u0309 nay \u01a1\u0309 mi\u00ea\u0300n B\u0103\u0301c, va\u0300 t\u01b0\u0300 1975 \u0111\u00ea\u0301n nay tr\u00ean toa\u0300n qu\u00f4\u0301c, \u0111o\u0301 la\u0300 th\u01b0\u0301 tri\u00ea\u0301t ly\u0301 nh\u0103\u0300m ta\u0323o ra nh\u01b0\u0303ng con ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i la\u0300m c\u00f4ng cu\u0323 cho m\u00f4\u0323t h\u00ea\u0323 th\u00f4\u0301ng chi\u0301nh tri\u0323. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e2\u0300n pha\u0309i no\u0301i th\u00eam r\u0103\u0300ng, chi\u0301nh \u01a1\u0309 \u0111i\u00ea\u0309m na\u0300y ma\u0300 t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u0323c s\u01b0\u0323 tr\u00e2n tro\u0323ng nh\u01b0\u0303ng ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i VN, nh\u01b0\u0303ng t\u00f4\u0309 ch\u01b0\u0301c \u01a1\u0309 VN, \u0111a\u0303 kh\u00f4ng m\u00ea\u0323t mo\u0309i trong su\u00f4\u0301t m\u00f4\u0323t th\u01a1\u0300i ky\u0300 da\u0300i n\u00f4\u0303 l\u01b0\u0323c \u0111\u00ea\u0309 gi\u01b0\u0303 cho gia\u0301o du\u0323c \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c la\u0300 gia\u0301o du\u0323c ch\u00e2n chi\u0301nh, nghi\u0303a la\u0300 \u0111a\u0300o ta\u0323o ra nh\u01b0\u0303ng con ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e2\u0301p nh\u00e2\u0323n la\u0300m c\u00f4ng cu\u0323.<\/p>\nPhan V\u0103n Th\u1eafng:<\/strong>\u00a0Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Khai ph\u00f3ng li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u01b0a cho m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y nay?<\/em><\/p>\nNguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb T\u1eeb Huy:<\/strong>\u00a0Di\u0303 nhi\u00ean la\u0300 ch\u01b0a \u0111u\u0309. Co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 hi\u0300nh dung tinh th\u00e2\u0300n khai pho\u0301ng nh\u01b0 la\u0300 n\u00ea\u0300n ta\u0309ng tr\u00ean \u0111o\u0301 m\u00f4\u0303i ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i pha\u0309i x\u00e2y d\u01b0\u0323ng n\u00ean gia\u0301 tri\u0323 ca\u0301 nh\u00e2n b\u0103\u0300ng ca\u0301c ki\u00ea\u0301n th\u01b0\u0301c va\u0300 ky\u0303 n\u0103ngcu\u0309a m\u00f4\u0323t chuy\u00ean nga\u0300nh na\u0300o \u0111o\u0301, va\u0300 \u0111o\u0301ng go\u0301p cho xa\u0303 h\u00f4\u0323i b\u0103\u0300ng kh\u00f4\u0301i tri th\u01b0\u0301c ma\u0300 mi\u0300nh s\u01a1\u0309 h\u01b0\u0303u va\u0300 ca\u0309 nh\u01b0\u0303ng tri th\u01b0\u0301c va\u0300 gia\u0301 tri\u0323 ma\u0300 mi\u0300nh se\u0303 sa\u0301ng ta\u0323o ra n\u01b0\u0303a.<\/p>\nN\u00ea\u0300n gia\u0301o du\u0323c mu\u00f4\u0301n pha\u0301t tri\u00ea\u0309n pha\u0309i c\u00e2\u0323p nh\u00e2\u0323t \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c v\u00f4\u0301n tri th\u01b0\u0301c v\u00f4 cu\u0300ng phong phu\u0301 va\u0300 bi\u00ea\u0301n \u0111\u00f4\u0309i ha\u0300ng nga\u0300y, \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c ta\u0323o ra ha\u0300ng nga\u0300y \u01a1\u0309 ca\u0301c qu\u00f4\u0301c gia, nh\u00e2\u0301t la\u0300 \u01a1\u0309 ca\u0301c qu\u00f4\u0301c gia pha\u0301t tri\u00ea\u0309n. \u0110\u00f4\u0300ng th\u01a1\u0300i m\u00f4\u0323t n\u00ea\u0300n gia\u0301o du\u0323c pha\u0301t tri\u00ea\u0309n pha\u0309i \u0111o\u0301ng go\u0301p va\u0300o qua\u0301 tri\u0300nh sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t tri th\u01b0\u0301c \u0111ang di\u00ea\u0303n ra tr\u00ean th\u00ea\u0301 gi\u01a1\u0301i, pha\u0309i \u0111o\u0301ng go\u0301p d\u00e2\u0301u \u00e2\u0301n cu\u0309a mi\u0300nh, sa\u0309n ph\u00e2\u0309m tri\u0301 tu\u00ea\u0323 cu\u0309a mi\u0300nh trong kho ta\u0300ng tri\u0301 tu\u00ea\u0323 cu\u0309a th\u00ea\u0301 gi\u01a1\u0301i. \u0110\u00e2y la\u0300 mu\u0323c ti\u00eau cu\u0309a m\u00f4\u0323t n\u00ea\u0300n gia\u0301o du\u0323c pha\u0301t tri\u00ea\u0309n. Va\u0300 mu\u00f4\u0301n \u0111a\u0323t \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c mu\u0323c ti\u00eau na\u0300y thi\u0300 c\u01a1 s\u01a1\u0309, n\u00ea\u0300n ta\u0309ng cu\u0309a no\u0301 chi\u0301nh la\u0300 tinh th\u00e2\u0300n khai pho\u0301ng va\u0300 ca\u0301c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng pha\u0301p khai pho\u0301ng.<\/p>\n
Phan V\u0103n Th\u1eafng:\u00a0<\/strong>V\u1edbi th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7n nay, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n g\u00ec\u00a0khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c theo tri\u1ebft l\u00fd gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c khai ph\u00f3ng?<\/em><\/p>\nNguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb T\u1eeb Huy:\u00a0<\/strong>N\u00ea\u0301u \u00f4ng cho phe\u0301p t\u00f4i no\u0301i m\u00f4\u0323t ca\u0301ch th\u0103\u0309ng th\u0103\u0301n va\u0300 trung th\u01b0\u0323c, thi\u0300 t\u00f4i se\u0303 no\u0301i r\u0103\u0300ng kho\u0301 kh\u0103n c\u0103n ba\u0309n nh\u00e2\u0301t cu\u0309a chu\u0301ng ta la\u0300 \u01a1\u0309 ch\u00f4\u0303 chu\u0301ng ta thi\u00ea\u0301u nh\u01b0\u0303ng la\u0303nh \u0111a\u0323o co\u0301 tinh th\u00e2\u0300n khai pho\u0301ng va\u0300 hi\u00ea\u0309u \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c gia\u0301 tri\u0323, y\u0301 nghi\u0303a\u00a0 cu\u0309a gia\u0301o du\u0323c khai pho\u0301ng. Gia\u0301o du\u0323c VN \u0111ang thi\u00ea\u0301u nh\u01b0\u0303ng la\u0303nh \u0111a\u0323o co\u0301 kha\u0309 n\u0103ng va\u0300 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng pha\u0301p khai pho\u0301ng. C\u00e1c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft khi ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 la\u0303nh \u0111a\u0323o co\u0301 t\u00e2\u0300m nhi\u0300n khai pho\u0301ng.<\/p>\nPhan V\u0103n Th\u1eafng:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0110\u1ec3 khai ph\u00f3ng cho n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c,ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec?<\/em><\/p>\nNguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb T\u1eeb Huy:<\/strong>\u00a0C\u00e2u ho\u0309i na\u0300y r\u00e2\u0301t xa\u0301c \u0111a\u0301ng.\u00a0Tuy nhi\u00ean \u201cchu\u0301ng ta\u201d la\u0300 ai?<\/p>\nN\u00ea\u0301u\u00a0\u201cchu\u0301ng ta\u201d\u00a0la\u0300 t\u00e2\u0301t ca\u0309 nh\u01b0\u0303ng ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i \u0111ang tham gia va\u0300o n\u00ea\u0300n gia\u0301o du\u0323c: ca\u0301c c\u00e2\u0301p qua\u0309n ly\u0301, gia\u0309ng vi\u00ean, gia\u0301o vi\u00ean, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean, sinh vi\u00ean, ho\u0323c sinh\u2026, thi\u0300 c\u00e2u tra\u0309 l\u01a1\u0300i se\u0303 la\u0300 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/strong><\/p>\n– \u0110\u00f4\u0301i v\u01a1\u0301i la\u0303nh \u0111a\u0323o gia\u0301o du\u0323c: c\u00e2\u0300n x\u00e2y d\u01b0\u0323ng ca\u0301c chi\u0301nh sa\u0301ch va\u0300 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u0300nh cho gia\u0301o du\u0323c khai pho\u0301ng \u01a1\u0309 ca\u0301c c\u00e2\u0301p kha\u0301c nhau: \u0111a\u0323i ho\u0323c, trung ho\u0323c, ti\u00ea\u0309u ho\u0323c va\u0300 m\u00e2\u0300m non.<\/p>\n
– \u0110\u00f4\u0301i v\u01a1\u0301i gia\u0309ng vi\u00ean va\u0300 gia\u0301o vi\u00ean: gia\u0309ng da\u0323y theo tinh th\u00e2\u0300n va\u0300 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng pha\u0301p khai pho\u0301ng.<\/p>\n
– \u0110\u00f4\u0301i v\u01a1\u0301i ho\u0323c sinh, sinh vi\u00ean: ho\u0323c theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng pha\u0301p va\u0300 ky\u0303 n\u0103ng khai pho\u0301ng.<\/p>\n
N\u00ea\u0301u\u00a0\u201cchu\u0301ng ta\u201d\u00a0la\u0300 t\u00e2\u0301t ca\u0309 mo\u0323i ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i Vi\u00ea\u0323t Nam thi\u0300 c\u00e2u tra\u0309 l\u01a1\u0300i se\u0303 la\u0300:<\/strong><\/p>\n– La\u0303nh \u0111a\u0323o nha\u0300 n\u01b0\u01a1\u0301c pha\u0309i co\u0301 ca\u0301c chi\u0301nh sa\u0301ch \u0111\u00ea\u0309 pha\u0301t tri\u00ea\u0309n gia\u0301o du\u0323c khai pho\u0301ng. Va\u0300 \u0111\u00e2y la\u0300 vi\u0300 l\u01a1\u0323i i\u0301ch cu\u0309a toa\u0300n d\u00e2n va\u0300 l\u01a1\u0323i i\u0301ch cu\u0309a \u0111\u00e2\u0301t n\u01b0\u01a1\u0301c. Gia\u0301o du\u0323c la\u0300 qu\u00f4\u0301c sa\u0301ch, kh\u00e2\u0309u hi\u00ea\u0323u na\u0300y lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111u\u0301ng. N\u00ea\u0301u ca\u0301c c\u00e2\u0301p la\u0303nh \u0111a\u0323o nha\u0300 n\u01b0\u01a1\u0301c la\u0300m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c \u0111i\u00ea\u0300u na\u0300y, thi\u0300 ho\u0323 th\u01b0\u0323c s\u01b0\u0323 co\u0301 nh\u01b0\u0303ng \u0111o\u0301ng go\u0301p to l\u01a1\u0301n cho qu\u00f4\u0301c gia va\u0300 cho d\u00e2n t\u00f4\u0323c.<\/p>\n
– M\u00f4\u0303i ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i d\u00e2n Vi\u00ea\u0323t Nam, t\u01b0\u0300 go\u0301c \u0111\u00f4\u0323 cu\u0309a mi\u0300nh, b\u0103\u0300ng nh\u01b0\u0303ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u00ea\u0323n ma\u0300 mi\u0300nh co\u0301, u\u0309ng h\u00f4\u0323 va\u0300 th\u01b0\u0323c ha\u0300nh gia\u0301o du\u0323c khai pho\u0301ng, t\u01b0\u0300 trong gia \u0111i\u0300nh, t\u01a1\u0301i nha\u0300 tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng va\u0300 t\u01a1\u0301i toa\u0300n xa\u0303 h\u00f4\u0323i. \u0110\u0103\u0323c bi\u00ea\u0323t, ca\u0301c nha\u0300 ba\u0301o, do \u0111\u0103\u0323c thu\u0300 ngh\u00ea\u0300 nghi\u00ea\u0323p cu\u0309a mi\u0300nh, co\u0301 thu\u00e2\u0323n l\u01a1\u0323i h\u01a1n nh\u01b0\u0303ng tha\u0300nh ph\u00e2\u0300n xa\u0303 h\u00f4\u0323i kha\u0301c trong vi\u00ea\u0323c c\u00f4\u0309 vu\u0303 va\u0300 x\u00e2y d\u01b0\u0323ng cho c\u00f4\u0323ng \u0111\u00f4\u0300ng y\u0301 th\u01b0\u0301c v\u00ea\u0300 t\u00e2\u0300m quan tro\u0323ng cu\u0309a gia\u0301o du\u0323c khai pho\u0301ng.<\/p>\n
Phan V\u0103n Th\u1eafng:\u00a0<\/strong>\u0110\u00e2u l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c khai ph\u00f3ng?<\/em><\/p>\nNguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb T\u1eeb Huy:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0110\u00ea\u0309 co\u0301 m\u00f4\u0323t b\u00f4\u0323 m\u00f4n gia\u0301o du\u0323c khai pho\u0301ng, hay m\u00f4\u0323t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u0300nh gia\u0301o du\u0323c khai pho\u0301ng, trong m\u00f4\u0323t tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng \u0111a\u0323i ho\u0323c na\u0300o \u0111o\u0301, thi\u0300 tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng \u0111o\u0301 c\u00e2\u0300n co\u0301 m\u00f4\u0323t Ban Gia\u0301m hi\u00ea\u0323u u\u0309ng h\u00f4\u0323 gia\u0301o du\u0323c khai pho\u0301ng.”<\/p>\nNh\u01b0ng, \u0111\u00ea\u0309 x\u00e2y d\u01b0\u0323ng ca\u0309 m\u00f4\u0323t n\u00ea\u0300n gia\u0301o du\u0323c khai pho\u0301ng thi\u0300, tr\u01a1\u0309 la\u0323i v\u01a1\u0301i m\u00f4\u0323t y\u0301 \u0111a\u0303 no\u0301i tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e2\u0300n co\u0301 m\u00f4\u0323t B\u00f4\u0323 Gia\u0301o du\u0323c co\u0301 tinh th\u00e2\u0300n khai pho\u0301ng va\u0300 co\u0301 chu\u0309 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng khai pho\u0301ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u01b0 v\u00e2\u0323y cu\u0303ng ch\u01b0a \u0111u\u0309, ma\u0300 c\u00e2\u0300n pha\u0309i co\u0301 nh\u01b0\u0303ng \u0111i\u0323nh ch\u00ea\u0301 chi\u0301nh tri\u0323 phu\u0300 h\u01a1\u0323p v\u01a1\u0301i gia\u0301o du\u0323c khai pho\u0301ng. Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u01a1\u0309 ca\u0301c \u0111i\u0323nh ch\u00ea\u0301 chi\u0301nh tri\u0323 \u00e2\u0301y thi\u0300 B\u00f4\u0323 Gia\u0301o du\u0323c m\u01a1\u0301i co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 tri\u00ea\u0309n khai gia\u0301o du\u0323c khai pho\u0301ng tr\u00ean toa\u0300n b\u00f4\u0323 n\u00ea\u0300n gia\u0301o du\u0323c, \u01a1\u0309 ca\u0301c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u00ea\u0323n thi\u0301ch \u01b0\u0301ng.<\/p>\n
Phan V\u0103n Th\u1eafng:<\/strong>\u00a0C\u1ea3m \u01a1n b\u00e0 v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c trao \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00f4i v\u1eabn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c khai ph\u00f3ng trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf, t\u1eeb s\u1ee9c \u1ef3 c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 \u01b0 r\u1ec7u r\u00e3 v\u00e0 l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu, t\u1eeb c\u00e1i v\u0103n h\u00f3a th\u1ee7 c\u1ef1u, lem nhem c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, t\u1eeb m\u1ed7i ch\u1ee9c s\u1eafc v\u00e0 t\u1eeb m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta.”<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Khai ph\u00f3ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c: Khai pho\u0301ng chi\u0301nh mi\u0300nh, khai pho\u0301ng m\u00f4\u0303i ca\u0301 nh\u00e2n NGUY\u1ec4N TH\u1eca T\u1eea HUY – PHAN V\u0102N TH\u1eaeNG B\u00e0i \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed V\u0103n ho\u00e1 Ngh\u1ec7 An, ng\u00e0y 26\/2\/2019, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb T\u1eeb Huy – Phan V\u0103n Th\u1eafng: http:\/\/vanhoanghean.com.vn\/van-hoa-va-doi-song27\/khach-moi-cua-tap-chi45… \u00a0 “L\u1eddi t\u00f2a so\u1ea1n: L\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111ang qu\u00e1 tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7 v\u00e0 l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec7n nay? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Th\u1ef1c ra \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i nh\u01b0ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1eabn l\u00e0 v\u00f4…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":180,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ntc33.net\/khxh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/177"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ntc33.net\/khxh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ntc33.net\/khxh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ntc33.net\/khxh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ntc33.net\/khxh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=177"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ntc33.net\/khxh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/177\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":179,"href":"https:\/\/ntc33.net\/khxh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/177\/revisions\/179"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ntc33.net\/khxh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/180"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ntc33.net\/khxh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=177"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ntc33.net\/khxh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=177"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ntc33.net\/khxh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=177"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}