{"id":1524,"date":"2023-03-19T23:27:46","date_gmt":"2023-03-19T16:27:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ntc33.net\/khxh\/?p=1524"},"modified":"2024-01-30T11:13:04","modified_gmt":"2024-01-30T04:13:04","slug":"soc-van-hoa-culture-shock","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ntc33.net\/khxh\/soc-van-hoa-culture-shock\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u1ed0C V\u0102N H\u00d3A \u2013 Culture Shock<\/strong>"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

S\u1ed1c v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u0169ng du h\u1ecdc sinh khi l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc xa l\u1ea1 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi m\u1ebb v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng, phong t\u1ee5c, t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai khi h\u1ecd va ch\u1ea1m v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi, n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a m\u1edbi, m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng mi\u1ec1n m\u1edbi ngay tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 ba \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh g\u1ed3m: s\u1ed1c v\u0103n h\u00f3a, b\u1ed1n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1c v\u0103n h\u00f3a, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft khi b\u1ecb s\u1ed1c v\u0103n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Theo Adler (1981) cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1c v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c m\u1ea5t \u0111i s\u1ef1 quen thu\u1ed9c t\u1eeb n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u00edch th\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a m\u1edbi m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 \u00edt ho\u1eb7c ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt-s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c hay hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay t\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m m\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m (trang 13). Hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 n\u01a1i m\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00ec h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ecb s\u1ed1c v\u0103n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Oberg (1954, 1960) l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u2018s\u1ed1c v\u0103n h\u00f3a\u2019, s\u1ed1c v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi di c\u01b0 t\u1eeb n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u00e0y sang n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c. Oberg \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a s\u1ed1c v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 lo l\u1eafng d\u1ed3n d\u1eadp do \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng quen thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 giao ti\u1ebfp x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Oberg (1986) \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1c v\u0103n h\u00f3a nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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  • S\u1ef1 lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 th\u1ee9c \u0103n c\u1ee7a n\u01a1i m\u1edbi hay m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi,<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Sinh vi\u00ean t\u1eeb l\u1edbp 12 l\u00ean h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc,<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb qu\u00ea l\u00ean th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 sinh s\u1ed1ng hay l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c hay th\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Chuy\u1ec3n vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng ty n\u00e0y qua l\u00e0m cho c\u00f4ng ty kh\u00e1c,<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • B\u00e1c s\u0129 v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean y t\u1ebf t\u1eeb B\u1eafc v\u00e0o Nam trong th\u1eddi gian CoVID-19 v\u1eeba qua \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y ch\u1ed1ng d\u1ecbch h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a quen ngay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi m\u00f3n \u0103n hay gia v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi mi\u1ec1n nam hay ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, hay<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • S\u1ef1 lo l\u1eafng khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c, c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1edf t\u1ea1i, c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c mu\u1ed1n quay v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, n\u01a1i ch\u00f4n rau c\u1eaft r\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ed1c v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn b\u1edfi v\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c trong c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u1ea1m vi r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft ch\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n\n\n

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    K\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1c v\u0103n h\u00f3a. Theo c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng h\u1ecdc Oberg (1960), c\u00f3 4 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1ed1c v\u0103n h\u00f3a: <\/strong>giai \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/strong> \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh, v\u00e0 <\/strong>giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n