V\u0103n ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, trong c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n kh\u00f4ng d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n chung. Trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n lu\u00f4n n\u1eb1m l\u00f2ng c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u0103n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf m\u00e3i lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 v\u0103n ho\u00e1, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, y t\u1ebf c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng cho s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng. S\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7, c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng trong khoa h\u1ecdc. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 khoa h\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong ba th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ho\u00e1 (tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, khoa h\u1ecdc, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady cho th\u1ea5y v\u0103n ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1edf c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp gi\u1eefa v\u0103n ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 xung \u0111\u1ed9t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, xung \u0111\u1ed9t s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c- t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o khi \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1edbi tham v\u1ecdng b\u00e1 quy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a to\u00e0n tr\u1ecb l\u1eabn ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t cho c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n l\u1eabn thu\u1ea7n phong m\u1ef9 t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
![\"Chi\u1ebfc](\"https:\/\/bizweb.dktcdn.net\/100\/180\/408\/products\/chiec-lexus-va-cay-oliu.jpg?v=1626102049150\")
<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n Thomas L. Friedman – m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o M\u1ef9, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho t\u1edd th\u1eddi b\u00e1o New York Times khi vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh r\u1ea5t hay \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc Lexus v\u00e0 C\u00e2y \u00d4liu \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u0103n ho\u00e1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t quy lu\u1eadt t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu. To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t xu th\u1ebf ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 do trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 do m\u1eadu d\u1ecbch li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 san b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i c\u00e2y \u00d4liu bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng cho gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u0103n ho\u00e1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng hay kh\u00f4ng. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p s\u1ebd t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 g\u00ec c\u00f3 ngay nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p. N\u1ebfu ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 th\u00ec ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u1edf l\u1ea1i ph\u00eda sau, m\u00e0 g\u1ea5p r\u00fat h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp trong khi ch\u01b0a h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u00ec s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u00e2n sau. B\u1ea3n s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ee9 s\u1edf m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n L\u00e0n s\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 lan to\u1ea3 nhanh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f2n b\u00e0ng ho\u00e0ng khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch l\u1eabn c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta quan t\u00e2m l\u00e0 v\u0103n ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1- \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ebd chung s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 l\u1edbn- th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 d\u00f9ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i- \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, v\u00ec th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia, v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 n\u01a1i c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u00e2n c\u01b0 sinh s\u1ed1ng v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i- m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u0103n ho\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng trong sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i cho ch\u00fang ta s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u1eadn. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u0103n ho\u00e1 th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 v\u0103n ho\u00e1 n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed5 xu\u00fd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ef1c \u0111oan th\u00e1i qu\u00e1, ch\u1ec9 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 b\u00e0i tr\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh v\u0103n ho\u00e1 kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp v\u00e0 khu\u00f4n v\u00e0o h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc. Th\u00f3i c\u1ef1c \u0111oan t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb xem d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 ch\u1eadm ti\u1ebfn, l\u00e0 man di c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai ho\u00e1 nh\u01b0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n \u0111i x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 di\u1ec5n ra trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 m\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX v\u00e0 sang \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XXI v\u1eabn c\u1ee9 di\u1ec5n ra c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u00f4n t\u00ednh, t\u1ea1o \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t kh\u1ed1c li\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 di\u1ec5n ra trong th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 II \u0111\u00e3 minh ch\u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, hay th\u1ea3m ho\u1ea1 di\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf Phi ch\u00e2u, xung \u0111\u1ed9t \u1edf Trung \u0110\u00f4ng; d\u1eabu v\u1eabn bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1eb1ng sau \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u1ee9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng ng\u1ecdn ngu\u1ed3n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 v\u1eabn c\u1ee9 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n quy ch\u1ee5p v\u00e0o kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf, b\u1edfi ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 xung \u0111\u1ed9t s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u1edf ngay trong m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eabn di\u1ec5n ra th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eb7t ra n\u1eefa l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch r\u1ea5t to l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 cho ri\u00eang m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0o m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u n\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 n\u1eafm l\u1ea5y th\u1eddi c\u01a1. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a xu th\u1ebf n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u00edt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Khoa h\u1ecdc, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ho\u00e1 n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 n\u00ean nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn trong s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean xem l\u00e0 t\u00f4i t\u1edb m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 cao c\u00e1i n\u00e0y h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p c\u00e1i kia nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng di\u1ec5n ra trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Th\u1ebf cho n\u00ean r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh v\u0103n ho\u00e1 gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ef9 v\u0103n ho\u00e1 hay xem th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u0103n ho\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n l\u00e3o luy\u1ec7n tr\u00ean th\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u1eddng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1o nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i m\u00e0 h\u1ecd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 v\u0103n ho\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean xem v\u0103n ho\u00e1 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadn b\u1edfi kinh t\u1ebf gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1eabn bi\u1ebft t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng trong kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00ec ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n mang m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u0103n ho\u00e1 v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t chi ph\u1ed1i, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec mang t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng xem \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u v\u0103n ho\u00e1 \u0111i li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00ec x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n kinh t\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n tinh th\u1ea7n \u00edt g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 g\u1eadp g\u1ec1nh, b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c, c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u00e0i ho\u00e0. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u phi\u1ebfn di\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ec5n c\u00e1i c\u0169 \u0111i th\u00ec c\u00e1i m\u1edbi m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2. V\u0103n ho\u00e1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u0103n ho\u00e1 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n to l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, l\u00e0 c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch c\u00e1i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n minh ch\u1ee9ng r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 g\u00ec t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u00edch nghi r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec7n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i c\u00f2n t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp thu h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n h\u1ee3p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o. T\u1ec9 d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 th\u01a1 ca Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea5p thu t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh, l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n cho khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 hai t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed1n \u201cThi nh\u00e2n vi\u1ec7t nam\u201d kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201c\u0111\u1eebng l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi. H\u00e3y s\u00e1nh th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i. T\u00f4i quy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng trong thi ca Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i phong ph\u00fa nh\u01b0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y\u201d1<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u0103n ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n ho\u00e1 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc gi\u00e0u ngh\u00e8o. X\u00e9t v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 hai kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t cho hai s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0ng tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00ean ch\u00fang song h\u00e0nh c\u00f9ng nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u1ec1n khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u0169ng tho\u00e1t thai t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u1edbm v\u01b0\u01a1n v\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed khoa h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i qua nhi\u1ec1u con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi mu\u00f4n v\u00e0n tr\u1eafc tr\u1edf. H\u1ec7 chu\u1ea9n Descartes- Newton \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee9u v\u00e3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 tho\u00e1i tr\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a duy l\u00fd, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ho\u00e0i nghi vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ec1n khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3. S\u1ef1 nhi\u1ec5u lo\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3 bao tr\u00f9m m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t. S\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u1ea3y n\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5p d\u1ea7n ch\u1ed7 tr\u1ed1ng. Nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c m\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 l\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u0103n ho\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00ec c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. V\u0103n ho\u00e1 bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean nh\u01b0ng khoa h\u1ecdc th\u00ec kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng. S\u1ef1 kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i tho\u00e1t. V\u00e0 khi \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn c\u1ee9 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00ednh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta xem v\u0103n ho\u00e1 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng v\u0103n ho\u00e1 d\u00f9 x\u00e9t \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0o c\u0169ng g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng n\u00ean m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u1ee9ng bi\u1ebfn ch\u1eadm n\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 phuf h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i ra r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u hay b\u1ecf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb1ng sau c\u00e1i l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu, ch\u1eadm ti\u1ebfn, b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7, tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7 v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf, k\u00ecm h\u00e3m s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i hay n\u1eafm b\u1eaft nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 theo k\u1ecbp v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u1edbi m\u1ebb th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111i qu\u00e1 xa th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i hay l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu so v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u0103n ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9nh th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng qua l\u1ea1i. S\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 xa r\u1ed3i c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n, l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n x\u00e2u xa \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t d\u1ea7n b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 tha ho\u00e1 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n S\u1ef1 cu\u1ed1n h\u00fat c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00f3i chung. Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf. S\u1ef1 kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3 ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. Trong c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng kinh t\u1ebf n\u1ed5 ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eabn tho\u00e1t ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c, t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. S\u1ef1 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f2n b\u1ea9y t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng trong s\u1ef1 \u0111an xen c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a con nh\u1ec7n kh\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ec th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u01b0a ra nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4 \u0111\u00fac hay khu bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, giao thao v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp bi\u1ebfn; li\u00ean k\u1ebft, li\u00ean minh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, khu v\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 lan to\u1ea3 \u1edf quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y, duy tr\u00ec nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn l\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0o ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u1edf n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n lan to\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 l\u0129nh h\u1ed9i ngay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd quy \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p hay kh\u00f4ng. Vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n theo quy lu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3, b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u0103n ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c- s\u1ee9c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t trong s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9nh th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf m\u1ecdi chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u00e0n b\u1ecb. Trong xu th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1, s\u1ef1 chung s\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh \u1edf c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ri\u00eang \u2013 chung trong s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, h\u00e0i ho\u00e0. M\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e0 cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecbch l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ee5t l\u00f9i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Trong s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u0103n ho\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh \u0111a s\u1eafc m\u00e0u, sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp n\u00e0o c\u0169ng mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nan gi\u1ea3i trong s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh khi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n cho s\u1ef1 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp n\u00e0y. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t nhanh ch\u00f3ng nhi\u1ec1u khi \u0111i qu\u00e1 xa trong khi \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u0103n ho\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 g\u00ec theo k\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 theo chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e0 th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5, nh\u01b0ng li\u1ec7u c\u00f3- v\u00e0 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 suy t\u00ednh th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1o. George F. Mclean tr\u0103n tr\u1edf \u201c\u0111\u00f4i khi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i \u0111e do\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1 t\u00ednh v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00f4 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu, v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, cho n\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u0103n ho\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra b\u1edfi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng hay m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o\u201d2<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ch\u00fa th\u00edch<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 1. Ho\u00e0i Thanh, Ho\u00e0i Ch\u00e2n (2000), Thi nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/em>, Nxb V\u0103n h\u1ecdc, tr29<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2. George F. Mclean, Pham Minh H\u1ea1c (2007), Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1: chung s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1<\/em>, Nxb CTQG, tr 260.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Ths B\u00f9i Nguy\u00ean H\u00e3n B\u1ed9 m\u00f4n Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, Khoa KHXH, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Hoa Sen V\u0103n ho\u00e1 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n V\u0103n ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, trong c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n kh\u00f4ng d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n chung. Trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n lu\u00f4n n\u1eb1m l\u00f2ng c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u0103n h\u00f3a. Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf m\u00e3i lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 v\u0103n ho\u00e1, gi\u00e1o…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":57,"featured_media":1152,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,21],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ntc33.net\/khxh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1145"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ntc33.net\/khxh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ntc33.net\/khxh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ntc33.net\/khxh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/57"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ntc33.net\/khxh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1145"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/ntc33.net\/khxh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1145\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1153,"href":"https:\/\/ntc33.net\/khxh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1145\/revisions\/1153"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ntc33.net\/khxh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1152"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ntc33.net\/khxh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1145"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ntc33.net\/khxh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1145"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ntc33.net\/khxh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1145"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![\"Globalisation](\"http:\/\/developmentandglobalisation.weebly.com\/uploads\/5\/7\/4\/3\/57436781\/1440934821.png\")
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